Solar-photovoltaic arrays seem to get cheaper and more efficient every day, making them increasingly practical in renewable and/or remote power supply applications. Still, the voltage generated by any ...

Valves are enjoying increasing popularity in audio systems. With the European ‘E’ series of valves, such as the ECC83 (12AX7) and EL84 (6BQ5), the filament voltage is 6.3 V. Depending on how the ...

In some power-supply applications, the pulse-width-modulator (PWM) controller is powered up from an auxiliary winding tapped off the power stages transformer (Fig. 1). This technique reduces power ...

What are typical applications for a low dropout (LDO) linear regulator? LDO linear regulators are usually employed in systems that require a low-noise power source instead of a switching regulator ...

[Kevin Darrah] wanted to make a simple 3.3V regulator without using an integrated circuit. He wound up using two common NPN transistors and 4 1K resistors. The circuit isn’t going to beat out a cheap ...