This paper proposes a “quasi-agnostic” sign restriction procedure to identify structural shocks in frequentist structural vector autoregression (SVAR) models. It argues that low acceptance rates, ...

This paper assesses the stance of monetary policy in eleven Sub-Saharan African (SSA) emerging and frontier market economies. We estimate neutral real interest rates using a range of methodologies, ...

The Canadian economy has navigated the pandemic well and achieved a soft landing but rising trade tensions pose significant challenges. Amid sharp monetary tightening to control high levels of ...

This paper documents five empirical facts about the role of strategic complementarities in firms’ price-setting behavior, using administrative data from Chilean firms. (1) Strategic complementarities ...

This paper examines financial interconnectedness in Asia, particularly through Singapore, and the link between trade and financial flows. It finds that Asia's financial integration lags behind its ...

This report presents the findings and recommendations from the 2025 assessment of Botswana’s public sector debt statistics (PSDS) in relation to the IMF’s Data Quality Assessment Framework (DQAF) for ...

Countries that are most vulnerable to climate change—and the associated loss of natural biodiversity—are often those least able to afford investment to strengthen resilience because their budgets are ...

Scaling up private capital is crucial to finance vital low-carbon infrastructure projects, particularly in less developed economies ...

Washington, DC: On July 28, 2025 the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) completed the Article IV Consultation for Saudi Arabia. [1] ...

The UK’s productivity gap with the US has widened over the past two decades, with productivity growth rates decoupling after the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). This paper complements existing studies ...

Making low-carbon technologies cheaper and more widely available is crucial to reducing harmful emissions. We have seen decades of progress in green innovation for mitigation and adaptation: from ...

Governments have traditionally used targeted interventions known as industrial policy to make domestic producers more competitive or promote growth in selected industries. While some developing ...