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The generation of fusion kinases through gene rearrangement represents a primary mechanism of rearranged during transfection (RET) oncogenic conversion. The change of location, increased expression, ...

The extent and impact of Early Medieval population movements on the establishment of trade and cultural networks across the North Sea have been the subject of debate for centuries. Analyzing ancient ...

Charting how the brain develops is key to understanding abnormal brain changes in common psychiatric and neurological disorders. Pooling brain scans from large cohorts of individuals at a specific ...

We present a method to recapitulate endochondral bone formation, the process through which long bones develop and grow, in cell culture. Our method begins with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) ...

In contrast to most crops, Vitis vinifera benefited little from classical breeding due to their heterozygosis. Strikingly, the main cultivated grape varieties that we see today have remained the same ...

Understanding the nature of glasses are one of the most interesting kernels in condensed matter physics. Glassy materials usually exhibit different types of relaxation modes, which are coupled with ...

Healthy brain function requires a delicate balance of neural excitation (E) and inhibition (I). In animals, this balance—the E/I ratio—is known to decrease with the maturation of inhibitory circuitry ...

Clinical studies have long suggested a link between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD): T2D patients have higher rates of AD and exhibit more rapid disease progression, whereas AD ...

Heterotrimeric G proteins act as molecular switches that control cellular responses to external signals. Small molecules that selectively inhibit these proteins are essential for studying their ...

Biomolecular condensates play important roles in cellular organization and function, but their internal structures remain poorly understood due to limitations in imaging techniques. This is true for ...

Active fluids, such as bacterial suspensions and flowing tissues, often exhibit orientational order disrupted by topological defects. Much is understood about how internal driving powers ...