A solar cell is made of two types of semiconductors, called p-type and n-type silicon. The p-type silicon is produced by adding atoms—such as boron or gallium—that have one less electron in their ...

and supramolecular chemistry—such as displays, flexible solar cells and transistors. APCs are small, perfectly shaped molecular rings made up of repeating units linked in an endless loop.

In a study that unlocks exciting possibilities for solar cells and light-emitting ... made from perovskite materials with the ...