During the Italian campaign of World War II, Adolf Hitler ordered the Organization Todt to construct a defensive barrier known as the Gustav Line (or “Winter Line”) in Italy on October 4, 1943. The ...

Henry Ford spent millions in the Amazonian model city Fordlândia ages before other brands did, and the city had amenities like a golf club, or a burger joint. Insurrection broke out among the ...

The Ultima Tower is a 2-mile-tall, 1-mile-wide structure planned to be built to protect the environment from excessive human development. The Ultima Tower is the tallest building ever planned for the ...

In 1939, George Bernard Dantzig, a doctorate candidate at the University of California, Berkeley, arrived a few minutes late to Jerzy Neyman’s statistics lecture while there were two homework problems ...

What was daily life like in ancient Rome? How did people spend their days in the Roman Empire? The Roman civilization was an unusual culture with some resemblance to our own. There are parts of life ...

What is X-Seed 4000? The X-Seed 4000 is a tapered, pyramid-shaped megastructure with a sea-based location, inspired by Mount Fuji, designed as an artificial island with interconnected nodes, ...

In Arabic, Islam means “submission to God,” and a Muslim is a person “devoted to God.” Like Jews and Christians, Muslims are monotheists. They believe there is only one God who created the world and ...

The cavalry of the 15th through the 18th centuries often utilized a sword variant called the koncerz, a one-handed cold weapon. The long, thin blade is a defining feature of the koncerz, and it is one ...

The Roman pilum was a sort of heavy javelin used by the ancient Roman legions. The pilum probably has its origins in Celtic culture and was adopted by the Roman army somewhere between the fourth and ...

Nazi defendants at the Nuremberg trials had high IQ scores. But Hitler’s estimated IQ is around 115–120, possibly above average. Hitler’s reading habit included over 16,300 books in his personal ...

The Shaolin monks brought the Gùn (Chinese: 棍), a staff used in their style of stick combat, to Japan. In that region, the gùn underwent various changes before becoming known as the bō. During this ...

This kind of two-handed war hammer, characterized by a very long spike at the top, has its roots in 14th-century Switzerland. In particular (or at least mostly), the Lucerne canton of Switzerland; ...